LOCOMOTOR SKILLS

Students need to perform different locomotor skills in kindergarten. The locomotor skills include: walking, running, skipping, galloping, hopping, jumping, sliding, walking backwards, and leaping. Students are learning these skills at it could take lots of practice to develop the skills necessary to complete all of the locomotor skills. 

A walk is a slow locomotor skill where one foot is always on the ground. As the left foot is on the ground the right foot is in the air moving forward. Then the right foot makes contact with the heal first as the left foot moves forward in the air.

A run is a faster locomotor skill. During a run, the feet are both in the air at the same time. The feet alternate moving forward during the skill. 

Skipping is a locomotor skill that requires the students to alternate their motion from the left side to the right and then continue to alternate from left to right. Students can help learning the skills by using the phrases "Step on a Bug, Hop on a Frog." The students will step with their left foot, then hop on their left foot, then step on their right foot and then hop on their right foot. This will continue alternating from the left to the right for the entire time of skipping.

Galloping is a skill that can be performed with either foot as the lead. One foot is placed in front of the opposite foot. The front foot takes a large step forward while the second foot stays in place. The back foot then takes a step forward but always stays behind the front foot. 

Hopping is a one footed skill. Students stand on one foot and will hop with the one foot. The opposite foot is bent at the knee and trailing behind the back of the student. 

Jumping is a two footed skill. Students will stand with both feet together and will jump with both feet together. The students should work on using their knees as shock absorbers so that they can protect themselves from injury. 

A slide is a sideways movement. The students will move to their right or their left with the appropriate shoulder leading the direction of the slide. If they are moving to the left, the left shoulder will be leading the motion. The left foot will reach out to the left side to take a step. The right foot will then take a step next to the left foot. Students should be taught not to touch their shoes during this skill as it can cause them to trip. 

Walking backwards is a slow movement. The students will need to turn their heads to watch where they are going. Students should be instructed to step one foot directly behind the opposite foot to move themselves backward. 

A leap is when a student leaves the ground off of one foot (i.e. left foot) and will land on the opposite foot (i.e. right foot). Think of having a student run and leap over a hurdle during a race.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GN1cjZwqS8Y


CHALLENGE: https://view.genial.ly/5bf94166df566c01aea57a89/la-batallita-del-quijote

MATCH DE IMPROVISACIÓN

¿Qué es el "Match de improvisación?

Es un juego que combina cooperación, expresión corporal, creatividad e imaginación.

¿Cómo se juega?

-Se forman equipos de 6 a 8 jugadores. Uno/a será el capitán y llevará un brazalete.

-Hay un árbitro que dirige el partido.

-Se juega en un cuadrilátero.

-El equipo que no participe en la improvisación será el público y tendrá que votar (tarjetas de color verde y rojo), decidiendo ellos mismos qué equipo es el ganador del partido. Se deberán situar alrededor del cuadrilátero. 

-Los equipos tienen que ir con la misma vestimenta ( camiseta, petos...)

-Cada improvisación puede durar desde 30 segundos a 7 minutos. Nosotros jugaremos durante 1 minuto y 30 segundos.

-Los equipos tratarán de ganar las improvisaciones.

-Las improvisaciones la decide una serie de tarjetas que serán seleccionadas al azar.

Tipos de improvisaciones.

-Mixta: los equipos improvisarán en forma conjunta.

-Comparada: los equipos improvisarán por turnos. Primero un equipo y luego el otro.

-Continuada: los equipos improvisarán por turnos, como la situación anterior, pero el equipo que juega en segundo turno, debe continuar la improvisación por donde la dejó el primer equipo.

Número de jugadores.

Al menos improvisará un participante de cada equipo. La cantidad de participantes la determinará la tarjeta.

Estilos de improvisación.

-Normal: sin ningún tipo de premisa ni condicionante.

-Muda: no se puede emitir ningún  sonido.

-Lenguaje inventado: no se pueden emitir palabras, deberán ser inventadas o emitir ruidos u onomatopeyas.

-Ralentizada: se debe emitir sonidos, hablar, moverse, etc. todo de forma ralentizada.

-Cantada: todo lo que se improvise debe ser cantado.

-Rimada: todo lo que se improvise se realizará a través de rimas.

-Rap: haremos rap mientras improvisamos.

-etc.

Dinámica del juego.

1-  Se anuncia la improvisación (tarjeta)

2- 30 segundos para hablar sobre la improvisación y decidir que jugadores la realizarán

3- Sorteo de turno para comenzar

4- Improvisamos

5- Votaciones

BODY LANGUAGE

When we talk to another person, only a small part of what they are saying comes to us through words. The rest, which is appproximately 60% comes from body language, in other words, through their gestures, their physical movements or their eyes. We call this type of communication body language.

What is body language?

Body language is something that we use every day of our lives. We are not always conscious that we are using it because it is a natural way of communicating.

Why it is important to develop body language?

We communicate through body language and we can express ourselves in different ways without speaking. It is important to learn more about body language because it helps us:

-Understand our bodies and feelings much better.
-Be more spontaneous and extroverted.
-Improve our communicative skills.
-Improve our social skills.
-Develop our creative abilities.
-Understand others

Gestures and postures.
The gestures, the postures and other movements we have learnt since childhood help form our personality.With our gestures, we transmit messages to other people.

We combine our postures with our gestures. We can distinguish two important characteristics:
-Open postures: express happiness, vitality, strength or security
-Closed postured: express sadness or a negative attitude

PHYSICAL CONDITION

WHAT DO YOU KNOW ABOUT BASIC PHYSICAL CAPACITIES?

FLEXIBILITY, SPEED, STRENGTH AND ENDURANCE. 

Not all of us have got the same aptitudes. Some people are very flexible while others are very strong. Some people are very fast and others have got lots of endurance. To develop our physical capabilities we need to know which physical aptitudes we possess.                                                                       

Our body has got four basic physical capabilities:

-Speed allows our body to move as quickly as possible.

-Flexibility allows our muscles and joints to make a wide range of movements.

-Strength allows us to lift weight using muscle tension.

-Endurance allows us to withstand physical activity for a period of time.

FLEXIBILITY

Flexibility is the capacity that permits us to keep our body supple, in other words, to bend and stretch any of our joints without feeling pain. As we grow older, we lose this capacity. For this reason, we have to take care not to adopt the wrong postures and exercise regularly.

DETERMINANTS OF FLEXIBILITY.

-Joint Mobility: ability to move with the joins.

-Extensibility: ability of muscle to be extended without in normal ranges, suffer any damage.

-Elasticity:  ability of the muscle to return to its original state once it has been extended or shortened.

TYPE OF FLEXIBILITY.

-Static flexibility: ability to make large movements without emphasi on speed of execution.

-Dynamic flexibility: ability to make large movements putting some emphasis on the speed of execution.

If we lose our flexibility we will: (Risks)

   -Not be able to coordinate our movements correctly.

   -Suffer more injuries in tendons and joints

   -Not be able to make complicated movements.

   -Acquire incorrect postures.

ENDURANCE

It can be defined as " the physical and mental capacity that the athlete has to support fatigue versus relatively long efforts and the ability to quickly recover after finishing the effort.

TYPES OF ENDURANCE

-Aerobic endurance: the ability of the body to make efforts medium or low intensity for a long period of time and with enought oxygen.  The heart rate in this type effort is between 140-160 ppm. 

Symptoms of fatigue: dizziness, muscle pain, weakness, eye blinking, etc.

-Anaerobic Endurance: The ability of the body to make efforts intensive but in a short period of time in conditions of low oxygen. 

Endurance is the base for all physical capacities. With endurance we can develop all other physical capacities. With endurance our body can:    -Respond quicker to a physical challenge.    -Recover from a physical challenge.

     -Tone our heart and lungs to be able to do physical activity without injury.

SPEED

We call speed the ability  of an individual to move quickly in a short period of time and maximun efficiency.

 It is important to include a warm up as the first part of any speed training exercise. Stretching and jogging for ten minutes is isually a sufficient warm up.

TYPES OF SPEED.

There are different types of speed and time:

   -Rapid movement is when we move our body quickly.

   -Reflexes are when we make a quick gesture, although we do not move our entire body.

   -Reaction time is the time it takes us to respond to and external stimulus (like a loud                  noise). 

IMPORTANT FACTORS OF SPEED.

-Strength

-White fibres (fast fibres) compared with red fibres (slow fibres)

- The muscular elasticity degree and extensibility

-The intramuscular and intermuscular coordination

-The muscle temperature

-The motivation and willingness degree to make the effort

STRENGHT

The ability of an individual to overcome or support resistance.

TYPES OF STRENGTH

-Maximun strength: ability to raise a maximun load (weight lifting).

-Strength-speed: ability to mobilize a no maximun load on the lower time possible (shot put).

-Strength endurance: ability to mobilize a no maximun load for a period of time (cycling). This one is going to have a better impact on our health.

POSITIVE EFFECTS

-Increase the volume-muscle.

-Increase the muscle tone, which helps maintain a correct body posture in our daily lives.

NEGATIVE EFFECTS

-Trouble on joints and bone growth if apply excessive loads on growth ages.

-Deformities of the spine.

-Muscle injuries.

Aventura TIC por el cole.

PASAPALABRA EDUCACIÓN FÍSICA

1. Are you able to complete all the words? Do you want to play?

GOLF

Golf is a recognized sport all around the world. Golf originated in Scotland and today is played professionally in the United States and Europe. Golf involves many different skills and strategies.  Golf is very important because it is a fun sport that all ages can participate in.

The game of golf consists of playing a ball with a stick from the teeing ground into the hole by a stroke or successive strokes.

EQUIPMENT:

GOLF STICKS

• Players carry a number of sticks throughout the game.  The maximum number of sticks is designated 14 in the rules.
• There are three major types of sticks:  woods, irons, and putters.
• Wedges are irons used for shorter shots.  They are used when in the sand, the rough and when approaching the green.
• Woods are used for long drives.  They are used for hitting off a tee or on the fairway.
• Irons are for precision shots.
• Putters are used for on the green and can sometimes be effective in bunkers. 

COURSE

-Teeing Ground: Area from which players start each hole.

-Fairway: The playing area between the tee and the green, does not include hazards.

-Putting Green: The area of short grass surrounding the hole way the ball is hit using a putter.

-Hazard: Permanent features on the golf course designed to obstruct play.

-Bunker : A hazard filled by sand or grass that is placed where a fairway shot may end (by a green or driving distance from the tee). You are not allowed to practice swing or ground your club in a bunker.

-Water Hazard: A water bunker.

-Sand Trap: A sand bunker.

   SHOTS

-Putt: the ball rolls on the ground, never becoming air-borne.

-Tee Shot: first shot played from the teeing ground.  Ideally, they have a shallow flight and long roll of the ball on a long hole.  They are higher and expected to stop quickly on shorter holes.

  Skills

Grip: should be neutral. Interlocking grip for putting.

Stance: good balance on your feet in order to make a full powerful swing that returns the center of the stick face to the center of the ball.

Full Swing:

-Back Swing: Your body should feel like a coil.  A good backswing will set the club in a position of power and control.

-Downswing: The downswing happens in less than a second and requires a fluid movement of your body in a powerful and unified sequence of events:  shift, rotate, hit.

Putting: Used on the green to put the ball into the hole.

                            

Football

Football or soccer. It´s a game in which two teams of 11 players, using any part of their bodies except their hands and arms, try to maneuver the ball into the opposing team’s goal. Only the goalkeeper is permitted to handle the ball and may do so only within the penalty area surrounding the goal. The team that scores more goals wins.

FOOTBALL BASIC RULES.

Here are some basic rules for the sport of Football, also known as soccer in many parts of the world, which is undoubtedly the world's most popular sport.

• A football match is played by two teams, with each allowed no more than 11 players on the field at any one time, one of whom is a goalkeeper.
• A match is played in two 45 minute halves.
• The game begins with the toss of a coin, and the winning captain decides which goal to defend or to take the first kick off.
• All players must use their feet, head or chest to play the ball. Only the goalkeeper is allowed to use their hands, and only within their designated goal area.
• The aim of the game is to score a goal, which is achieved by kicking or heading the ball into the opposition team's goal.
• If the ball touches or crosses the side line, it is thrown back in by the team that was not the last to touch the ball.
• The game is controlled by a central referee, and two linesmen. They award free kicks and penalties when rules are broken. For continual breaking of rules or for a bad foul, the player may be sent off.

Football is the world’s most popular ball game in numbers of participants and spectators. Football can be played almost anywhere, from official football playing fields (pitches) to gymnasiums, streets, school playgrounds, parks, or beaches.
 Vocabulary

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